Petrol Engines

PETROL ENGINES

Early twentieth century brought the invention of the gasoline engine revolution in transportation. Vehicles
with petrol engines from the roads soon
pushed out of steam vehicles and gas-powered
. A plane flew in the air
petrol-driven until the jet engine is started.
Petrol engines are internal combustion engines. Inside these engines burn fuel and energy that it obtains
needed to move. The gasoline engine mixes air with gasoline vapor and the mixture ignites a spark. This mixture burns so fast that it actually explodes and the resulting gases to rapidly expand (expand). With most gasoline engines, this expansion moves a piston in the cylinder and piston movement is used to rotate the shaft and thereby to convert reciprocating motion to rotary. Rotary petrol engines have individual cylinder, but the gases from burning directly rotate rotor.

Two-stroke
The simplest type of cylinder gasoline engine is a two-stroke engine used in some small cars, most motorcycles and lawn mowers. Each piston operates in two days. First moves up, compressing the fuel / air mixture in the space above the piston. At the same time in the space below the piston sucked another dose of incendiary mixture. Compressed mixture ignites gas and electric spark caused the explosion pushes the piston back into the bottom of the cylinder. In its downward movement of the piston pushes fresh dose of a mixture of fuel and air bypass channel into the space above the piston. This fresh combination pushes exhaust gases out the exhaust canal itself is trapped and the piston up again.
The top position of the piston blocks the exhaust channel to the expanding gases can not
escape. Once the piston reaches the bottom position, the channel opens. The piston position also controls the inlet channel and bypass channel.
By moving the plunger up and down the so-called crankshaft rotates. It is attached to a heavy flywheel that rotates after the piston has reached its lowest position. Flywheel to transfer energy from the downward-moving piston in a smooth, continuous movement and forcing the piston to move upward in the second part of each cycle.
Production
two-stroke engines are relatively cheap
. Engines are very inefficient in converting fuel energy into motion energy. Therefore, most major engine work in a more efficient four-stroke cycle.

Four-stroke engines
The four-stroke piston engine works every four hours. The first time, called the suction piston moves down and pulls a mixture of fuel and air into the space above the piston. Then the piston moves up and compresses the mixture. This second time is called compression. Compressed mixture through
sparks and ignite the explosion pushed down the plunger down. According to the third period is called an explosion. The piston then goes up again and pushes the exhaust gases out of the space war. The fourth period is called the exhaust. Then, each time repeating again ..
Four-stroke engine is indeed more effective than a two-stroke engine, but still able to convert only a little more than a third of the fuel energy into kinetic energy. The rest power is untapped. The main problem lies in the return movement of the piston back and forth. The piston is constantly accelerating at high speed in one direction, then reverses direction and accelerates the other direction. Every movement of the plunger up and down několikatisíckrát minute consumes the energy supplied by fuel.

Rotary engines
In an effort to increase the efficiency of the different structures tested an engine that would be less reversible parts. The most famous ones include the Wankel rotary engine. It works the same way four-stroke piston engine. It consists of a triangular rotor that rotates eccentrically around a fixed gear shaft replacing the crankshaft and thereby spinning. As each side of the rotor passes the inlet port, a mixture of petrol vapor sucked in air. Rotor compresses the mixture and then a spark ignites it. Exploding gas turns the rotor and leave the exhaust channel.
In 1964 came the first generation Mazda RX-7, which was the first production car
Wankelovým equipped engine with hopes that it is precisely this kind of engine fuel consumption will drop significantly. But it turned out that the Wankel engine has its own problems, particularly wear rotor blades, leading to penetration of gases between the rotor blades and enclosures from the chamber into the chamber. Drafts of the Japanese automobile engines equipped Wankelovými second generation, however, shows that these engines were still far from recovered.